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Explanation/Reference:
Oracle Essbase developers creating planning and budgeting applications have been keenly aware of the advantages and disadvantages of the two different storage types available to them:
* Block storage option (BSO) databases support a wide range of calculations, including forecasts, allocations, and aggregations through procedural calculation scripts. The results of these calculations can be written back to the database, but applications that use BSO storage are limited to about 10 dimensions and member counts in the low hundreds of thousands.
* Aggregate storage option (ASO) databases can support about 20 dimensions and member counts in the millions. ASO databases use multidimensional functions rather than procedural scripts to perform calculations, but the results of queries cannot be stored back in the database, making ASO unsuitable for most financial management applications.

Explanation
Oracle Business Intelligence Office Plug-In is a Windows application that is an optional feature under the Oracle Business Intelligence Presentation Services. The Plug-In provides a way to browse the Analytics catalog, select a report, and then drop that report into Microsoft Word or Excel.

Explanation/Reference:
Note 1: A level-based measure is a column whose values are always calculated to a specific level of aggregation.
The calculation of this measure is independent of the query grain and used always the aggregation grain of the logical column.
Level-based measures allow :
* to return data at multiple levels of aggregation (the query grain and the level-based column grain) with one single query
* to create share measures (percentage), that are calculated by taking some measure and dividing it by a level-based measure. For example, you can divide salesperson revenue by regional revenue to calculate the share of the regional revenue each salesperson generates.
Note 2: To create a level based measure as the amount sold by region, you can:
* make a copy of the Amount Sold logical column
* and then
/drag the logical column into its hierarchy level
/or set the aggregation grain in the level tab of the logical column property.

There are two types of session variables:
System – A session variable that the Oracle BI Server and Oracle BI Presentation Services use for specific purposes.
System session variables have reserved names that cannot be used for other kinds of variables (such as static or dynamic repository variables and non-system session variables).
Non-system – A system variable that the administrator creates and names. For example, the administrator might create a SalesRegion non-system variable that initializes the name of a user’s sales region.
The administrator creates non-system session variables using the Oracle BI Administration Tool.
Note: Session Variables
A session variable is a variable that is initialized at login time for each user. When a user begins a session, the Oracle BI Server creates a new instance of a session variable and initializes it.
There are as many instances of a session variable as there are active sessions on the Oracle BI Server. Each instance of a session variable could be initialized to a different value.

Explanation
There are two types of session variables:
System – A session variable that the Oracle BI Server and Oracle BI Presentation Services use for specific purposes.
System session variables have reserved names that cannot be used for other kinds of variables (such as static or dynamic repository variables and non-system session variables).
Non-system – A system variable that the administrator creates and names. For example, the administrator might create a SalesRegion non-system variable that initializes the name of a user’s sales region.
The administrator creates non-system session variables using the Oracle BI Administration Tool.
Note: Session Variables
A session variable is a variable that is initialized at login time for each user. When a user begins a session, the Oracle BI Server creates a new instance of a session variable and initializes it.
There are as many instances of a session variable as there are active sessions on the Oracle BI Server. Each instance of a session variable could be initialized to a different value.

Intelligent Bursting and Output Tool (iBot).
iBot is an utility available in OBIEE which is used for reports scheduling as well as Alerts sent to the required recipients on different web accessible / communication devices.

You do not use ODBC DSN to compare repositories.
Note: When an ODBC based application connects to a database, it connects to a logical name,
the Data Source Name (DSN), which identifies the datasource to which it wants to connect.
Some external repository of configuration information holds the various DSN values that are
available, together with the necessary configuration and control information needed by the ODBC
driver to establish a connection and manage usage of the data source.
The DSN (data source name) is a data structure that contains the information about a specific data
source (database, …), typically used by an ODBC driver to be able to connect to it.
The DSN contains information about the data source such as:
the name,
the directory,
and the driver.
On Windows, the DSN also specifies the ODBC driver to be used to access the database.

You do not use ODBC DSN to compare repositories.
Note: When an ODBC based application connects to a database, it connects to a logical name, the Data Source Name (DSN), which identifies the datasource to which it wants to connect.
Some external repository of configuration information holds the various DSN values that are available, together with the necessary configuration and control information needed by the ODBC driver to establish a connection and manage usage of the data source.
The DSN (data source name) is a data structure that contains the information about a specific data source (database, …), typically used by an ODBC driver to be able to connect to it.
The DSN contains information about the data source such as:
the name,
the directory,
and the driver.
On Windows, the DSN also specifies the ODBC driver to be used to access the database.

When you need to model many-to-many relationships between dimension tables and fact tables, you can create a bridge table that resides between the fact and the dimension tables. A bridge table stores multiple records corresponding to that dimension. In the Administration Tool, General tab in the Logical Table dialog box contains a check box that you can select to specify that a table is a bridge table.
A bridge table allows you to resolve many-to-many data relationships.
Reference; OBI Server Administration Server Guide, Version 10.1, Identifying Bridge Tables

Explanation
B: BI Server Security Manager accessed through the BI Server Administration Tool.
* Set permission to business model, tables, columns and subject areas
* Specify filters to limit data accessible by users
* Set authentication options
C: Enable the SSO through the FMW Control.

D: You have three methods to start the managed server:
* with the console (recommended)
* with FMW control
* with the command line.

Explanation/Reference:
A:
* Combining Relational and OLAP Data Sources: Oracle’s Common Enterprise Information Model allows users to combine data from a relational system and an OLAP source in a single calculation. For example, a user can compare sales forecasts from an Oracle CRM System with budget data from an Oracle Essbase planning application. To clients of the Common Enterprise Information Model, the forecast and budget data appear to be from the same logical source.
* The Essbase server provides advanced multi-user read and write capabilities, including data update and multi-user recalculation. Business users with front-end tools can write data back to a server and recalculate the data on a server using calculation scripts-key functionality to support sophisticated modeling and planning applications.
* Using aggregate storage, Essbase serves a wide range of analytic needs-financial analysis, planning, budgeting, sales analysis, marketing analysis, supply-chain analysis, and profitability analytics-all from a single analytic infrastructure.
B:
Note: The Analytic Data Model (ADM) is an API used to access OLAP data and metadata. ADM is similar to JDBC, providing a single common API that hides most differences between OLAP data sources.
Note 2: Data model for business intelligence
The most important component of business intelligence is the concept of ‘data model’. data model determinde what kind of analysis that end user could do with the data. It is also an independant concept that could span across different vendor ‘s product.
Unlike data model of the transaction system, the typical analytic data model is often denormalized and store extra data for analytic query and better query performance while transaction data model use is often normalized and optimized for a few data read and write, which is implemented by jointing many tables.
The most common used analytic data model in business intelligence is call the ‘Star schema’ data model.
With the Oracle business intelligence system, We could define star schema and dimension data model in the ‘logical layer’ in the admin tools. The data model in OBIEE could span different data source in physical layer, which means OBIEE have the capability of building one logical data model which is actually connect to different database in the backend

B: Oracle Business Intelligence uses a role-based access control model. Security is defined in terms of Application Roles that are mapped to directory server groups and users.
To define a complete security model, you have then to define:
1. A security structure by creating this elements:
*The directory Server User and Group managed by the authentication provider.
*The application roles managed by the policy store provider
2. a security policy (permissions) split across the following components: *Presentation Catalog
*Repository
*Policy Store to define the Application Policies managed by the policy store provider
D: NQSConfig.ini is the main configuration file of Bi Server and contains a lot of parameters.
The file is located in this directory :
11g: ORACLE_INSTANCE/config/OracleBIServerComponent/coreapplication_obisn
All changes made to this file require that you restart the Oracle BI Server Service.
Type of Parameters in NQSConfig.ini:
*Security Section Parameters
The security parameters specify default values for the Oracle BI Server security features.
Includes among others: / DEFAULT_PRIVILEGES
*Repository Section Parameters
*Query Result Cache Section Parameters
*General Section Parameters The General section contains general server default parameters, including localization and internationalization, temporary space and memory allocation, and other default parameters used to determine how data is returned from the Oracle BI Server to a client.
Reference: Oracle Fusion Middleware System Administrator’s Guide for Oracle Business, A NQSConfig.INI File Configuration Settings

Level-based Hierarchy
Level-based hierarchy is the first type of hierarchy in OBIEE.
Consists of an ordered set of two or more levels. For example, a Time hierarchy might have three levels for Year, Quarter, and Month. Level-based hierarchies can also contain parent-child relationships.
Dimension hierarchy levels allow :
* to perform aggregate navigation,
* to configure level-based measure calculations,
* users from Dashboard and Answers to drill down from one parent to a child level.
Special type of level-based dimension are supported:
* Unbalanced (or ragged) and Skip-level hierarchy
* time dimension to provides special functionality for modeling time series data.

There are two types of session variables:
System – A session variable that the Oracle BI Server and Oracle BI Presentation Services use
for specific purposes.
System session variables have reserved names that cannot be used for other kinds of variables
(such as static or dynamic repository variables and non-system session variables).
Non-system – A system variable that the administrator creates and names. For example, the
administrator might create a SalesRegion non-system variable that initializes the name of a user’s
sales region.
The administrator creates non-system session variables using the Oracle BI Administration Tool.
Note: Session Variables
A session variable is a variable that is initialized at login time for each user. When a user begins a
session, the Oracle BI Server creates a new instance of a session variable and initializes it.
There are as many instances of a session variable as there are active sessions on the Oracle BI
Server. Each instance of a session variable could be initialized to a different value.

Explanation/Reference:
A: Much of the configuration of OBI that used to be done in the NQSConfig.ini files can now be done using this front end console, which in turns updates the NQSConfig.ini file. Things in the NQSConfig.ini file that are set by EM are noted in the file with ‘# This Configuration setting is managed by Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Manager’. Some things that needs to be setup manually in the NQSConfig.ini file are:
1. Usage Tracking
2. Dynamic Libraries
3. Query Optimization Flags
4. MDX Member Name Cache Section (SAP BW)
5. More specific General Settings where EM doesn’t contain the level of detail required D: Cache Management Techniques include
* Inspecting the cache reports
* Configuring the cache parameters
* Setting caching and cache persistence for tables
* Using the Cache Manager
* Inspecting SQL for cache entries
* Modifying the Cache Manager column display
* Purging the cache entries manually using the Cache Manager
* Purging the cache entries automatically
* Using event polling tables
* Seeding the cache

Explanation/Reference:
Identity Store: It is directory server to perform the authentication. It contains user name , password and groups membership information .When a user name and password combination is entered at log in, the authentication provider searches the identity store to verify the credentials provided.
See figure below.

Incorrect answers:
A: Policy Store: Contains the definition of Application Roles, Application Policies, and the mapping between them.A policy store can be file-based or LDAP-based.Oracle Business Intelligence permissions are granted by mapping users and groups from the identity store to Application Roles and permission grants located in the policy store.
B: Credential Store: It is responsible for securely storing and providing access to credentials required by Oracle Business Intelligence Applications components internally.For e.g, SSL Certificates stored here.

Before you can run Oracle Business Intelligence 11g Installer, you must first create required Oracle Business Intelligence schemas in an unhardened database. You use a tool called the Repository Creation Utility (RCU) to create these schemas with the appropriate permissions and data.
Reference: Installation Guide for Oracle Business Intelligence, Additional Oracle Business Intelligence 11g Installer Requirements

Explanation
After creating your base metrics, try using the Calculation Wizard to automate the process of creating time-series metrics or comparison metrics such as: Change, Percent Change, Index, and Percent. The Wizard may save you many hours of time and frustration, especially if you have to create more than a handful of these metrics. In addition, the Wizard allows you to include customized logic to handle nulls in the base metrics.
You may refer to the Oracle documentation for further detail.

Explanation/Reference:
If you want to create a dynamic time-series reference such as the value of a measure as at this time last year, or over the past three months, or year-to-date, you can use one of the OBIEE time-series functions (AGO, PERIODROLLING, TODATE) to provide an offset value for a measure.
Figure:

Note: OBIEE 11g offered a bunch of improvements that were particularly aimed at Essbase, and other OLAP server, customers; the new hierarchical columns feature brought proper OLAP analysis to OBIEE, and coupled with OLAP-oriented features such as hierarchical prompts and selection steps, made OBIEE
11g a much more conducive environment for Essbase users.
There’s much better support for Essbase-native features such as value-based hierarchies, alternate hierarchies, multiple alias tables, UDAs and other Essbase artifacts, and the value-based hierarchy feature in particular is very welcome as it can avoid the need to completely re-import your Essbase database if your outline gains additional hierarchy levels.
So coupled with the new and improved visualization capabilities in OBIEE 11g, including maps, scorecards, improved dashboard controls, the whole new UI, improved BI Publisher and so on, there’s a lot to recommend OBIEE 11g to users of the “legacy” Hyperion tools looking for a bit of a refresh of their BI environment.
Incorrect answers:
B: Alternate hierarchies are secondary rollups of members within the same dimension. The level zero members in the alternate hierarchy are called Shared Members, and point back to an identically named real member elsewhere in the dimension.

Explanation/Reference:
In online mode, you connect to a catalog on a running web server. In this mode your permissions are applied, you can select a locale, and you can see the effects of any localization on the catalog. You can see only those objects for which you have the appropriate permissions. Both Presentation Services and the web server must be running for you to open catalogs in online mode.
Use online mode when you want to make minor incremental changes or additions to the catalog, such as changes to permissions, updates to a single object, or migration of new objects to a production environment.
Note:
* You can open a catalog in one of two modes – online or offline. Both modes can operate against an actual production catalog, with no need for any downtime.
* Repository changes can be done in either online
or offline mode. Online mode is when BI Server
is actively reading the repository file (when a
user is logged in). Offline is when BI Server is
idle. Best practice is to develop in Offline mode.
Minor changes can be made when in online
mode.
Incorrect answers:
B: Use offline mode when you want to make catalog-wide changes, such as globally renaming objects or moving multiple objects for reorganization. In a clustered environment, use the following procedure to make systemwide changes to the catalog.
C, D: No such modes.

Explanation/Reference:
Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition (OBIEE) Security is managed through:
a) BI Server Security Manager accessed through the BI Server Administration Tool.
* Set permission to business model, tables, columns and subject areas
* Specify filters to limit data accessible by users
* Set authentication options
b) BI Presentation administration accessed through Presentation Web Services.
* Manage Web groups and users
* Set Permissions for Web Catalog items
* Manage privileges and rights given to groups and users
* Control access to dashboards
c) Catalog Manager.
* Set permission for Web Catalog items (Dashboards and Dashboards pages)

Explanation/Reference:
B: BI Server Security Manager accessed through the BI Server Administration Tool.
* Set permission to business model, tables, columns and subject areas
* Specify filters to limit data accessible by users
* Set authentication options
C: Enable the SSO through the FMW Control.

D: You have three methods to start the managed server:
* with the console (recommended)
* with FMW control
* with the command line.